BAMO 2004 Problem 1

A tiling of the plane with polygons consists of placing the polygons in the plane so that interiors of polygons do not overlap, each vertex of one polygon coincides with a vertex of another polygon, and no point of the plane is left uncovered. A unit polygon is a polygon with all sides of length one.

It is quite easy to tile the plane with infinitely many unit squares. Likewise, it is easy to tile the plane with infinitely many unit equilateral triangles.

(a) Prove that there is a tiling of the plane with infinitely many unit squares and infinitely many unit equilateral triangles in the same tiling.

(b) Prove that it is impossible to find a tiling of the plane with infinitely many unit squares and finitely many (and at least one) unit equilateral triangles in the same tiling.